Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: Montana campaign finance
In 2014, Ed Buttrey ran for Senate District No. 11 as a Republican candidate. This page holds the money reported for that candidacy only. Ed Buttrey's other candidacies are listed on Ed Buttrey's candidate record. Data through 2026-09-30.
This candidacy (Senate District No. 11, 2014) on the Montana campaign finance public site: https://tcers-public.406dc.net/profiles/candidate/11878
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: summary of money reported, data through 2026-09-30
| Figure | Amount | Lines |
|---|---|---|
| Contributions received in cash, net of refunds | $25,935.43 | 159 |
| In-kind contributions (goods and services, not cash) | $70.58 | |
| Other receipts (not contributions) | $14,726.41 | 2 |
| Expenditures, net of refunds received | $40,661.84 | 30 |
| Debts and loans still owed | $5,000.00 | 1 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: $25,935.43 in cash contributions, net of refunds, plus $70.58 given in kind; $40,661.84 spent; $5,000.00 still owed. Data through 2026-09-30.
Totals above are net of refunds, and so are the largest-contributor amounts below, with the as-filed and refunded figures shown beside any row that was refunded. The line-by-line contribution rows are as filed, before any refund.
These figures are for Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014. These figures follow the same rules as the public campaign finance site, because they come from it. Only filed reports count. Money a campaign moves between its own accounts is left out, because it is not new money. The contribution figure is cash, as on the state's Cash Summary, and goods and services given in kind are reported beside it, never inside it. Refunds paid back to contributors are subtracted. Other receipts are interest, rebates and similar receipts, not donations. A debt is money still owed, not money spent, and a loan repaid in full is not listed as owed.
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: where the money came from, data through 2026-09-30
Contributions to Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014 from Montana addresses as filed: at least $17,395.58 (137 contributors). From out-of-state addresses as filed: at least $2,120.00 (16 contributors). The candidate's own money: $5,000.00. Address as reported by the filer; not verified. Amounts are net of refunds and cover every contributor, not only those listed below.
| Where from | Amount, net of refunds | Contributors |
|---|---|---|
| Montana addresses as filed | $17,395.58 | 137 |
| Out-of-state addresses as filed | $2,120.00 | 16 |
| The candidate's own money | $5,000.00 | 1 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: money by year, data through 2026-09-30
| Year | Contributions, net of refunds | In-kind | Spent | Still owed | Contribution lines |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2013 | $1,280.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | $0.00 | 8 |
| 2014 | $6,470.00 | $70.58 | $39,949.97 | $5,000.00 | 12 |
| 2015 | $18,185.43 | $0.00 | $711.87 | $0.00 | 139 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: largest contributors, rows 1 to 25 of 50, data through 2026-09-30
| Contributor | From | Given, net of refunds | Contributions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: largest contributors, rows 1 to 25 of 50, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| Ed Buttrey (the candidate's own money) | Great Falls, MT | $5,000.00 | 1 |
| Tom VanHoose | Highwood, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Robert Olsen | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Jessica Buttrey | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Joan Buttrey | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Ralph Peterson | Black Eagle, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Stuart Doggett | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| John Flink | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Greg Hertz | Polson, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Dave Duffy | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 2 |
| Bruce Tutvedt | Kalispell, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Michael Flaherty | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| George Campanella | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Karen Darlene Palagi | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Carmen Mobray | Polson, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Travis Kavulla | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Jay Balkenbush | Spokane, WA | $170.00 | 1 |
| Julie Hickethier | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Patrick Montalban | CUT BANK, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| John Balkenbush | Conrad, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Richard Pachek | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Eric Moore | Miles City, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Brian Loucks | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Doug Palagi | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Kenneth Palagi | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: largest contributors, rows 26 to 50 of 50, data through 2026-09-30
| Contributor | From | Given, net of refunds | Contributions |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: largest contributors, rows 26 to 50 of 50, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| Rose Hughes | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Sue Weingarner | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| John Goodnow | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Eric Torgerson | Ethridge, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Loretta Torgerson | Ethridge, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Nathan Olson | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Mark Baker | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Ronald Ehli | Hamilton, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Linda Tutvedt | Kalispell, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Mark Blasdel | Kalispell, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Richard Brown | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Robert Brown | Whitefish, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Devan E Smith | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Plum Creek PAC | Seattle, WA | $170.00 | 1 |
| Montana Coal Council Coal PAC | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| JON METROPOULOS | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Justine Redlin | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Ryan Zinke | He;lena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| BNSF | Fort Worth, TX | $170.00 | 1 |
| Gregory Smith | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Montana Petroleum Marketers Association PAC | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Roger Hagan | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
| Cynthia Boich | Miami Beach, FL | $170.00 | 1 |
| Wayne Boich | Miami Beach, FL | $170.00 | 1 |
| Steve Daines | Helena, MT | $170.00 | 1 |
The 50 largest of 154 contributors are shown.
A candidate may put unlimited personal money into their own campaign in Montana. Self-funding is not a limit breach and is marked above only so it is not misread as an outside donation.
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: largest payments made, rows 1 to 19 of 19, data through 2026-09-30
| Paid to | Total | Payments |
|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: largest payments made, rows 1 to 19 of 19, data through 2026-09-30 | ||
| Dutton State Bank | $14,582.91 | 1 |
| Ed Buttrey | $5,056.00 | 2 |
| Charter Media Services | $4,995.00 | 1 |
| The Lamar Companies | $4,486.00 | 2 |
| KRTV | $3,625.00 | 2 |
| Great Falls Tribune | $3,204.00 | 3 |
| Printing Center USA | $1,554.13 | 4 |
| Jessica Buttrey | $1,211.87 | 2 |
| Publishing Solutions | $590.00 | 2 |
| IPS | $319.49 | 1 |
| Vista print | $227.99 | 1 |
| Montana Senior News | $209.00 | 1 |
| Build A Sign.com | $178.57 | 1 |
| Cleve Loney | $101.80 | 1 |
| Tyler Caffyn | $100.00 | 1 |
| USPS | $98.00 | 2 |
| Dimitris | $70.10 | 1 |
| Black Eagle Civic Center | $40.00 | 1 |
| Target | $11.98 | 1 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: debts and loans still owed, rows 1 to 1 of 1, data through 2026-09-30
| Owed to | Still owed | Lines |
|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: debts and loans still owed, rows 1 to 1 of 1, data through 2026-09-30 | ||
| Ed Buttrey | $5,000.00 | 1 |
Every contribution, itemized from $1 up, as filed, from filed reports. These are the gross contribution lines. A refund is a separate payment and does not appear here.
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 1 to 25 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 1 to 25 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2013-09-09 | ONEOK Employees PAC | Tulsa, OK | $160.00 |
| 2013-09-17 | North Western Energy Montana Employee P.A.C. | Missoula, MT | $160.00 |
| 2013-09-24 | MONTANA REALTORS PAC | Helena, MT | $160.00 |
| 2013-10-02 | Allstate insurance Co PAC | Northbrook,, IL | $160.00 |
| 2013-10-24 | Pfizer PAC | New York, NY | $160.00 |
| 2013-11-19 | MTA Hospitality Pac | Helena, MT | $160.00 |
| 2013-11-22 | BackPAC | Billings, MT | $160.00 |
| 2013-12-05 | BP North America Employee PAC | Houston, TX | $160.00 |
| 2014-01-03 | Contractors PAC | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2014-01-07 | Montana Gas and Oil PAC | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2014-01-07 | Montana for Affordable Housing | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2014-01-08 | Montana Coal Council Coal PAC | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2014-01-08 | 3M Company PAC | Saint Paul, MN | $80.00 |
| 2014-01-09 | Montana Petroleum Marketers Association PAC | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2014-01-17 | Tri-County Beverage Hospitality PAC | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2014-01-31 | Plum Creek PAC | Seattle, WA | $170.00 |
| 2014-02-07 | BNSF | Fort Worth, TX | $170.00 |
| 2014-02-11 | Montana Bankers PAC | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2014-05-22 | Ed Buttrey | Great Falls, MT | $5,000.00 |
| 2014-07-25 | Cascade County Republican Central Cmte. | MT | $70.58 |
| 2015-06-30 | Name not recorded | $965.46 | |
| 2015-06-30 | Melissa Lewis | Helena, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Larry Bonderud | Shelby, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Turner Askew | Whitefish, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | MARK STAPLES | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 26 to 50 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 26 to 50 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2015-06-30 | Cary Hegreberg | Townsend, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Kevin McRae | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Clayton Christian | Helena, MT | $140.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Kevin Pitzer | Bozeman, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Mary Pitzer | Bozeman, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Mark Baker | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Robert Olsen | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Richard Brown | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | John Flink | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Steve Wade | Helena, MT | $75.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Duane Ankney | Coalstrip, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Roger Hagan | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Leo Berry | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Tom England | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Alan Olson | Roundup, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Niles Hushka | Bozeman, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Tom Butler | Conel, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Jessie Luther | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | John Fitzpatrick - Legislator | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Nathan Olson | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Brian Loucks | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Rayn Ginnaty | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Deb Vance | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Steven Ballock | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Peter Gray | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 51 to 75 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 51 to 75 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2015-06-30 | Laura Goldhahn | Great Falls, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Julie Hickethier | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Eugene Thayer | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | William Bowree | Great Falls, MT | $65.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | John Goodnow | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | JON METROPOULOS | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Terry Olinger | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Mike Milburn | Cascade, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Amy Beames | Great Falls, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Neil Livingstone | Helena, MT | $75.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | J.W. Bloemendaal | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Edward Bartlett | Billings, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Tom D Mathews | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Dan Fillinger | Helena, MT | $70.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Carter Beck | Missoula, MT | $150.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | WILLIAM GALLEA | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Donna McCreedy | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | MICHAEL S. BROWN | Billings, MT | $150.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Kiely Green | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Jean Branscum | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Gary Spaeth | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Aimee Shanight | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Donna Tenneson | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Dave Duffy | Helena, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Doug Palagi | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 76 to 100 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 76 to 100 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2015-06-30 | Karen Darlene Palagi | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Gregory Smith | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Kenneth Palagi | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Bruce Gaare | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Jessica Buttrey | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | George Campanella | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Joan Buttrey | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | John MacDonald | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Bill Thomas | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Martin Byrnes | Cascade, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Brenda Byrnes | Cascade, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Justine Redlin | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Mona Jamison | Helena, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Scott Wilson | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Name not recorded | $194.97 | |
| 2015-06-30 | Carmen Mobray | Polson, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Rick Ripley | Wolf Creek, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Bruce Tutvedt | Kalispell, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Linda Tutvedt | Kalispell, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Ronald Ehli | Hamilton, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Richard Pachek | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Stuart Doggett | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Travis Kavulla | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Robert Brown | Whitefish, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Gregory Lindstrom | Great Falls, MT | $160.00 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 101 to 125 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 101 to 125 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2015-06-30 | Dave Kraft | Bozeman, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Mike Eide | Henderson, NV | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Clint Lohman | Bozeman, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Felicia Robbins | Greenville, SC | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Jeff Flatness | Belgrade, MT | $75.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Tim Carson | Billings, MT | $75.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Eric Moore | Miles City, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Ken Small | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Devan E Smith | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | GEOFF FEISS | Helena, MT | $35.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Paul Lindstrom | Great Falls, MT | $160.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Mark Blasdel | Kalispell, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Daniel Frieling | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Leroy Malsam | Great Falls, MT | $125.00 |
| 2015-06-30 | Leslie Malsam | Great Falls, MT | $125.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Dustin Klostesmeirer | Great Falls, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Bob Daily | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Ben Ives | Black Eagle, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Johnny Walker | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Dave Duffy | Helena, MT | $70.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Donna Tenneson | Helena, MT | $70.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Amy Dorr | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Karl Dorr | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Rose Hughes | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Sue Weingarner | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 126 to 150 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 126 to 150 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2015-07-01 | Heidi Schmalz | Billings, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Steven Arntzen | Billings, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Joe McKenney | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Brian Kaufman | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Greg Hertz | Polson, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Mary Ellen Lantis | Spearfish, SD | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Wendy Soulek | Spearfish, SD | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Michael J Miller | Vancouver, WA | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Name not recorded | $330.00 | |
| 2015-07-01 | Rickey Linafelter | Black Eagle, MT | $75.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Tori Finslad | Cutbank, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | John Balkenbush | Conrad, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Jay Balkenbush | Spokane, WA | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Eric Torgerson | Ethridge, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Ralph Peterson | Black Eagle, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Lisa Peterson | Black Eagle, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Ed Bartlett | Helena, MT | $70.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Kathleen Warden | Bozeman, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Patrick Montalban | CUT BANK, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Ryan Zinke | He;lena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Lolita Zinke | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Michael Flaherty | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Tim Murphy | Great Falls, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Bruce Enott | Great Falls, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Bruce Kramer | Missoula, MT | $100.00 |
Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 151 to 159 of 159, data through 2026-09-30
| Date | Contributor | From | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014: every contribution as filed, rows 151 to 159 of 159, data through 2026-09-30 | |||
| 2015-07-01 | Greer Woody | Missoula, MT | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Wayne Boich | Miami Beach, FL | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Cynthia Boich | Miami Beach, FL | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Thomas E Boerboom | Edina, MN | $100.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Loretta Torgerson | Ethridge, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Tom VanHoose | Highwood, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Vicki Baker | Bynum, MT | $50.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | Steve Daines | Helena, MT | $170.00 |
| 2015-07-01 | William Woody | Missoula, MT | $100.00 |
What this record does not say about Ed Buttrey, Senate District No. 11, 2014, data through 2026-09-30
It does not say whether Ed Buttrey won. CERS records candidacies and money, not results. Contribution totals are floors, not exact figures: the same real person or business can appear in the record more than once under spelling variants, and merging those into single identities is ongoing work. A total means "at least this much".